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Junkanoo dictionary a lexicon of terms relating to Junkanoo and Bahamian culture

Back Line – A Junkanoo group’s music section, which traditionally consists of bellers, drummers, and the brass section.

Bellers - Persons in the Junkanoo group who ring cowbells.

Boxing Day - the name given to the December 26th public holiday, which was synonymous with the boxing and exchanging of gifts that would normally occur on this day by the slaves.

Conch Shell – The outer shell, taken from a sea mollusk scientifically known as strombus gigas. These shells, when blown into, make a very unique horn-like sound and have traditionally been used as musical instruments in the Junkanoo parade.

Choreographed Dancers – A part of the Front Line of a Junkanoo group, this collection of dancers, usually women, parade in lines, wear similar costumes, and perform choreographed dance routines.

Cowbells – Flat, galvanized tin or cast iron bells usually played in pairs. They are joined at the end by a cord or chain, with one held being individually held in each hand, and shaken or struck together.

Crepe Paper – Alight, coloured paper material imported from Europe that is “fringed” and used to finish Junkanoo costumes. There are about thirty different colours used in Junkanoo costumes.

Free dancers – Also called “Naked dancers” are a part of the Front Line of a Junkanoo group. These dancers wear smaller, uniquely designed costumes that are easier to dance with, and dance “freely” toward the front of the group.

Fringing – The cutting of the edges of the crepe paper with barber’s shears to make a short cut which gives the costumes a slight ruffled appearance.

Front Line – The section of the group that lines up directly behind the group banner, and consists of a variety of “Free” dancers and choreographed dancers.

Lead Pieces – Very large costumes that usually appear at the end of the groups and can weigh over 300 pounds each.

Pasting – The act of applying the fringed crepe paper to the cardboard costumes with glue one strip at a time

Shacks - Makeshift buildings constructed by Junkanoo groups, where Junkanoo costumes are built, pasted and stored by group members leading up to the Junkanoo parade.

Shuffle – A Junkanoo dance introduced during the 1950’s, which ushered in a new era in the development of Junkanoo dance choreography, and spurred different versions of the dance over time.

Tum-Tum - A recently incorporated part of the music section, this is a set drum made from fiberglass and plastic.





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